Cyclooxygenase: Difference between revisions

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'''Cyclooxygenase''' is an [[enzyme]] that is responsible for the key step in [[prostaglandin]] biosynthesis.  Other names for this enzyme include: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (the current official name), Prostaglandin H2 synthase, and Prostaglandin G/H synthase. The enzyme is most commonly abbreviated "COX," but may also be referred to as "PTGS" or "PGHS." This enzyme is the therapeutic target for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ([[NSAID]]s).  Research has also revealed that it is present in most organisms in two isoforms.  A constitutive COX-1 and an inducible COX-2. This article will refer to both isoforms as a single enzyme where appropriate, and will distinguish one from the other when necessary.  Also, all information will refer to the human cyclooxygenases except where noted.
'''Cyclooxygenase''' is an [[enzyme]] that is responsible for the key step in [[prostaglandin]] biosynthesis.  Other names for this enzyme include: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (the current official name), Prostaglandin H2 synthase, and Prostaglandin G/H synthase. The enzyme is most commonly abbreviated "COX," but may also be referred to as "PTGS" or "PGHS." This enzyme is the therapeutic target for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ([[NSAID]]s).  Research has also revealed that it is present in most organisms in two isoforms.  A constitutive COX-1 and an inducible COX-2. This article will refer to both isoforms as a single enzyme where appropriate, and will distinguish one from the other when necessary.  Also, all information will refer to the human cyclooxygenases except where noted.
==Structure and Function==
===Genomics and Structure===
====COX-1====
:The gene for COX-1 is located on the long arm of [[chromosome]] 9 at location 9q32-q33.3. After translation the enzyme contains 599 [[amino acids]].
====COX-2====
:The gene for COX-2 is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 at location 1q25.2-q25.3.  After translation the enzyme contains 604 amino acids.
===Function===
:Cyclooxygenase is responsible for the conversion of [[Arachidonic Acid]] to Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub>.  Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub> is the precursor to the series 2 prostanoids. Cyclooxygenase achieves this through the action of two active sites.  First a cyclooxygenase active site (the source of the enzyme's common name) converts arachidonic acid to Prostaglandin G<sub>2</sub>.  Then a heme dependent peroxidase converts Prostaglandin G<sub2></sub> to Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub>

Revision as of 15:43, 5 April 2009

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Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that is responsible for the key step in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Other names for this enzyme include: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (the current official name), Prostaglandin H2 synthase, and Prostaglandin G/H synthase. The enzyme is most commonly abbreviated "COX," but may also be referred to as "PTGS" or "PGHS." This enzyme is the therapeutic target for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Research has also revealed that it is present in most organisms in two isoforms. A constitutive COX-1 and an inducible COX-2. This article will refer to both isoforms as a single enzyme where appropriate, and will distinguish one from the other when necessary. Also, all information will refer to the human cyclooxygenases except where noted.

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