View source for CZ:List-defined references

''See also'' [[Help:Index/Formatting/References]]
{{TOC|right}}
'''List-defined references''' (LDR) is a referencing method that moves the text of the references out of the main body of an article and into the "References" section at the bottom of the article. 

LDR is a way to make referencing of article contents with a great deal less cluttering of the article's main body text in the edit page. Reduced clutter makes reading the edit page and revising it much easier. Creating LDR is not only cleaner than previous methods such as the [[Help:Index/Formatting/References|<nowiki><ref>-</ref></nowiki> method]], it is a method that will be more easily understood by new users. 

==Overview of how LDR works==

This section explains the steps and coding to be used in the '''''edit page''''' of a Citizendium article in order to cite references as the sources for words or statements (sentences or paragraphs) in the main body of the article.

The user creates a short unique <font color=green>id</font> (identifier or name) for each individual reference which is formatted like this: 
:<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=id/></nowiki></font> &nbsp; Note the forward slash (&thinsp;<font color=green>/</font>&thinsp;) at the end of the <font color=green>id</font>.

To cite a reference as the source for a word or statement in the main body of the article, the user places '''''only''''' the <font color=green>id</font> of that reference just to the right of the statement. An <font color=green>id</font> for any specific reference may be used in multiple locations in an article if the same reference is used for multiple words or statements in the article.

Then in the '''==References==''' section at the bottom of the article, the user lists each reference formatted like this:

:<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=id>xxxx</ref></nowiki></font> &nbsp;Where xxxx is the reference's full text. Quotation marks enclosing the (<font color=green>id</font>) are '''''not''''' needed. 

Note that the forward slash (&thinsp;<font color=green>/</font>&thinsp;) is '''''not''''' included after the <font color=green>id</font> for the listed full-text references in "References" section.

===Some rules===

*When a comma or a period is located immediately to the right of a word or statement where the user wants to locate a reference <font color=green>id</font> (e.g., <font color=green><nowiki><ref name=id/></nowiki></font>), the <font color=green>id</font> should be located immediately to the right of the comma or the period and should be separated from the next word or next sentence by a single blank character space.

*A blank line space '''must''' be provided between each listed reference.

*Note that the list in the "References" section is within a template. The list '''must''' start with <font color=green><nowiki>{{reflist|refs=</nowiki></font> and it '''must''' end with <font color=green><nowiki>}}</nowiki></font> exactly as shown in the example coding below.

===Putting it together===
To summarize, the basic templates used for bibliographic information are the same <nowiki>{{cite book ...}} and {{cite journal ...}} and {{cite web...}}</nowiki> templates used with the <nowiki><ref>-</ref></nowiki> method.{{#tag:ref|[[CZ:Citation templates]]|group="Note"}} However, these templates are placed ''not'' in the text, but at the end of the article following a ''References'' header using the format:

:<font color=green><nowiki>{{reflist|refs=</nowiki></font> &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;(notice the vertical separator and <font color=green>refs=</font>)

:<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Ref1> {{cite book ...}} </ref></nowiki></font>&emsp; (this is first reference)

:<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Ref2> {{cite book ...}} </ref></nowiki></font>&emsp; (this is second reference, <u>separated by a space</u>)

:<font color=green><nowiki>}}</nowiki></font>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;(these are additional final braces)

where the names "Ref1", "Ref2" are arbitrary creations of the writer. Connection to these definitions from the text is done with an insertion, such as <font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Ref1/></nowiki></font>, but notice, with a forward slash.

==Example==

'''''This is how to code the edit page of an article using "List-Defined References"&thinsp;:''''' 
{|cellpadding=8 align=center style="background:#FFF1C6; width:99%; border:1px solid; margin:5px;" 

|The '''Sun''' is the dwarf star<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p35/></nowiki></font> at the center of the Solar System. There are eight planets and other celestial bodies orbiting it.<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p23/></nowiki></font> It is extremely hot, with surface temperatures in excess of 5,000 °C and a central core temperature greater than 10,000,000 °C.<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p23/></nowiki></font> 

Since the Sun is about 150,000,000 kilometers away,<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p35/></nowiki></font> only a very small amount of its heat and light reach the Earth. By contrast, the Earth's Moon is very much smaller and very much colder.<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Kelly2001/></nowiki></font>

<nowiki>==References==</nowiki>

<nowiki>{{reflist|refs=</nowiki>

<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p23></nowiki></font><nowiki>{{cite book | author=Edward Jones, William Smith and George Jackson | title=The Solar System's Sun | edition= 4th Edition | publisher=Thompson Publishing Co. | date=September 1998 | pages=pp. 23-28 | id=ISBN 4-3782-5673-1}}</ref></nowiki>

<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Jones2005p35></nowiki></font><nowiki>{{cite book | author=Edward Jones, William Smith and George Jackson | title=The Solar System's Sun | edition= 4th Edition | publisher=Thompson Publishing Co. | date=September 1998 | pages=pp. 35-45 | id=ISBN 4-3782-5673-1}}</ref></nowiki>

<font color=green><nowiki><ref name=Kelly2001></nowiki></font><nowiki>{{cite journal | author=Thomas Page, William Wood and John Isher | title= Lunar Surface Temperatures and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits | journal= Solar System Astronomy | volume=32 | issue=4 |pages=pp. 179-195 | date= February 2001}}</ref></nowiki><br/>
}}
|}


'''''This is what the above coding produces on the article page&thinsp;:'''''

{|cellpadding=8 align=center style="background:#FFF1C6; width:99%; border:1px solid; margin:5px;" 

|The Sun is the dwarf star<ref name=Jones2005p35/> at the center of the Solar System. There are eight planets and other celestial bodies orbiting it.<ref name=Jones2005p23/> It is extremely hot, with surface temperatures in excess of 5,000 °C and a central core temperature greater than 10,000,000 °C.<ref name=Jones2005p23/> 

Since the Sun is about 150,000,000 kilometers away,<ref name=Jones2005p35/> only a very small amount of its heat and light reach the Earth. By contrast, the Earth's Moon is very much smaller and very much colder.<ref name=Kelly2001/>

'''<big>References</big>'''

{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=Jones2005p23>{{cite book | author=Edward Jones, William Smith and George Jackson | title=The Solar System's Sun | edition= 4th Edition | publisher=Thompson Publishing Co. | date=September 1998 | pages=pp. 23-28 | id=ISBN 4-3782-5673-1}}</ref>

<ref name=Jones2005p35>{{cite book | author=Edward Jones, William Smith and George Jackson | title=The Solar System's Sun | edition= 4th Edition | publisher=Thompson Publishing Co. | date=September 1998 | pages=pp. 35-45 | id=ISBN 4-3782-5673-1}}</ref>

<ref name=Kelly2001>{{cite journal | author=Thomas Page, William Wood and John Isher | title= Lunar Surface Temperatures and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits | journal= Solar System Astronomy | volume=32 | issue=4 |pages=pp. 179-195 | date= February 2001}}</ref>
}}
|}

===A style note===

Note that the <nowiki>{{cite book}} and {{cite journal}}</nowiki> templates used in the above coding example are formatted with the cells in a horizontal style rather than a vertical style where the cells are in a vertical column. The horizontal style looks neater and definitely uses less space. However, the horizontal style is only a suggestion, it is not mandatory.

==Notes==
<references group="Note" />